Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia. It has both tropical and temperate climate zones, and the entire country is influenced by annual monsoon patterns (Climate Risk Country Profile).  Climate change impacts, including rising temperatures, changing rainfall patterns affecting agriculture, and increasingly intense extreme weather events, pose significant challenges to Vietnam’s economic and social development, particularly for vulnerable populations in coastal and rural areas. In recent years, water flows in major river basins have fallen below long-term averages. Prolonged heat and droughts are increasing the risk of soil degradation and reducing soil quality, while higher temperatures also heighten the risk of forest fires. 

Between 2011 and 2020, extreme climate events caused severe economic losses in Vietnam, with total damages estimated at VND 229,958 billion (approximately USD 10 billion at 2022 exchange rates). On average, the country experiences severe direct damage to public and private property each year due to extreme weather events, equivalent to about 0.8 percent of GDP. (Climate Change Knowledge Portal) 

 Given these conditions, Vietnam faces potentially significant social and economic impacts across multiple regions and sectors. Without effective adaptation and disaster risk reduction measures, multidimensional poverty and inequality are likely to increase (Climate Risk Country Profile).