Laos, officially known as Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia located in the Mekong River Basin. The country has diverse topography, with approximately 80% of the country’s land area  is mountainous, and the remaining 20% is low lying plains. Laos has two distinct season: rainy season (monsoon) and dry season, experiencing high humidity and average temperature ranging from 15 to 35 in hot season. However, in recent years, the country has been experiencing higher climate risks with increased extreme weather events such as flooding, droughts and heatwaves, as well as changing rainfall patterns and higher  temperatures. The country is amongst the most vulnerable countries to projected climate change trends with the communities facing severe climate-related hazards (World Bank Group, 2021).  

These climate change impacts tend to affect the poorer and more marginalized communities, where  agriculture serves as the primary source of livelihood. It is stated that many households have a high probability of falling into poverty when exposed to the increased extreme weather events (ADB, 2017). Accordingly, Lao PDR  submitted their NDC in 2015 and resubmitted the updated version in 2021 with the main focus on climate change adaptation and mitigation in agriculture, forestry, land use, water resources, energy, transport, urban development and public health.