Malawi is a landlocked country in the southern part of Africa, bordered by Tanzania, Mozambique, and Zambia. The country has a diverse topography, with one of the most significant geographical features is Lake Malawi, the third-largest lake in Africa. Other than that, the country’s topography consists of high, well-watered plateaus broken by large hills (World Bank Group, 2021).   

Malawi has a subtropical climate, characterized by two seasons: rain season from November to April, and dry season from May to October. The country experiences high temperature and humidity, with different range of temperature depending on the region and season. However, recently the country has experienced increased in frequency of climate change impacts including erratic rainfall, droughts, prolonged dry spells and strong winds. These changes has impacted on various sectors of the economy such as agriculture, health, water, energy, transport, education, gender, forestry, wildlife and infrastructure. Consequently, as the majority of Malawians rely on small-scale, rain-fed agriculture, the communities are highly dependent on the weather patterns. This makes the communities even more susceptible to extreme weather events (Irish Aid, 2018).  

Recognizing the challenges, the Government of Malawi has initiated adaptation and mitigation measures and strategies including Malawi 2063, which emphasizes environmental sustainability as one of the most cross-cutting factors. Furthermore, Malawi submitted their NDC with the unconditional and conditional contribution of 51% reduction in GHG emissions by 2040 across the three pillars:  (i) institutional framework, (ii) knowledge, technology and financing and (iii) resilience of the most vulnerable.