Germany is a high-income country in north central Europe with borders along the Baltic and North Seas in the north and the alps in the south. It has lowlands in the north, uplands in the center, and hills and mountains in the south. It has a temperate, rainy climate (World Bank Group, n.d.). 

Average annual temperature in Germany is expected to increase up to 2°C in the north and 2.5°C in the south in the near future (Umweltbundesamt, 2015). Precipitation is expected to fall in the summer months and increase in the winter months and the number of frost days is expected to decrease, especially in the Alps (ibid.). Flooding and heatwaves are predicted to increase in both severity and frequency (G20). Its coastlines face developing hazards such as erosion, storm tide inundation, and damage to settlements and infrastructure (ibid.). Droughts and heatwaves are also projected to increase which will have severe consequences on agriculture, forestry, and drinking water supply (ibid.). With approximately 77% of its population living in urban areas, Germany faces risks from heat stress, poor air quality, and increases in the spread of diseases (ibid.). 

A member of the EU, Germany’s is part of the EU’s NDC. Domestic climate policies vary dramatically across and within sectors. According to the Climate Action Tracker, Germany’s climate action is ‘insufficient’ in terms of achieving a <3°C future.