Situated in Central America, Costa Rica is bordered by the Caribbean Sea in the north-east and the Pacific Ocean in the southwest. The country’s geography includes coastal plains separated by mountains, and over 100 volcanic cones. Costa Rica is known for its biodiversity and conservation efforts, with more than 26% of its land under protection. Due to a combination of geographic variations and economic factors, Costa Rica is highly vulnerable to extreme climate events and natural hazards. Part of this vulnerability is due to the presence of populations in vulnerable areas as well as the country’s severe risk to sea level rise. With a population of 5 million, Costa Rica is an upper-middle-income country, with 80% of its population living in urban areas. 

Costa Rica has committed to climate action through its Nationally-Determined Contributions (NDC), focusing on mitigation and adaptation. A priority is decarbonization, as outlined in its 2019 decarbonization plan. The country also emphasizes adaptation efforts in water supply and agriculture (World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal).