Sierra Leone, located in West Africa, shares borders with Guinea to the north and east, Liberia to the south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Positioned between latitudes 7° and 10° N and longitudes 10° and 13° W, the country features diverse topography, including coastal plains, interior lowlands, plateaus, hills, and mountains (World Bank Group). Sierra Leone has a tropical climate with high temperatures year-round and two distinct seasons: a dry season from December to April and a rainy season from May to November. 

Due to its geography and climate, Sierra Leone faces significant climate risks, including floods, landslides, droughts, and coastal erosion, which are exacerbated by climate change and socioeconomic challenges (World Bank DRM Diagnostic Note). Extreme rainfall leads to frequent flooding, while rising temperatures and sea levels threaten agriculture, infrastructure, and coastal communities. The country’s heavy reliance on natural resources, particularly in the agricultural sector, further heightens its vulnerability, as shifting monsoon patterns disrupt food security (IFRC Disaster recovery in Sierra Leone). 
In response to these risks, Sierra Leone is implementing climate adaptation and mitigation strategies through its National Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan and NDC (2021). Key adaptation measures focus on disaster preparedness, coastal protection, climate-smart agriculture, and water resource management. Mitigation efforts include expanding renewable energy, improving energy efficiency, and promoting sustainable land use. These policies aim for inclusive, low-emission development while enhancing resilience through research, technology transfer, and public awareness (Environment Protection Agency Sierra Leone).