Lebanon is an Arab State that has a Mediterranean climate, typically characterized by dry summers and mild, rainy winters, which is influenced by its coastal geography and mountainous terrain. The country is experiencing accelerated climate change impacts, with rising temperatures, declining precipitation, prolonged droughts, and increasing extreme weather events that pose major risks across multiple sectors. Urban areas face risks brought about by floods, extreme heat, and infrastructure degradation, while biodiversity loss is also impacted by rising temperatures and environmental degradation due to pollution and acidification (Lebanon National Adaptation Plan 2025). These challenges converge with socioeconomic inequality, compounding climate vulnerability, disproportionately affecting the most marginalized populations (Carnegie Russa Eurasia Center)— a key example of the importance of climate justice.

To address the impacts of the climate crisis, the country’s climate strategy emphasizes Locally Led Adaptation (LLA) and nature-based solutions—such as reforestation and wetland restoration—to protect biodiversity while fostering sustainable economic growth. Lebanon’s adaptation strategy focuses on building systemic resilience across eight priority sectors, with a strong emphasis on food security, water management, and the protection of biodiversity through nature-based solutions. The plan also prioritizes climate-proofing urban infrastructure and public health systems while safeguarding the tourism sector’s cultural and natural heritage (Lebanon National Adaptation Plan 2025).