Togo is a country in West Africa located along the Gulf of Guinea. Its landscape includes rolling hills in the north, a central plateau in the south, and a low coastal plain characterized by lagoons and marshes. The northern regions tend tobe dry, while the southern parts of the country are wetter and more humid. According to the World Risk Report (2023), Togo faces a very high lack of adaptive capacity and high levels of vulnerability, susceptibility, and limited coping capacity, although its exposure to hazards such as earthquakes, tsunamis, cyclones, floods, droughts, and sea level rise is considered relatively low. 

Togo’s mean annual temperature has increased by approximately 1.1°C since 1960, particularly between April and June, and heatwaves have become more frequent across the country (World Bank Group, 2021). Temperatures are projected to continue rising throughout the century, especially in inland regions. These changes are expected to contribute to sea level rise and stronger wind events. Rainfall projections remain uncertain, although the proportion of total rainfall occurring during heavy rainfall events is expected to increase  

 Agriculture is particularly vulnerable to climate change and employs about 70 percent of the population. Only around 2 percent of arable land is irrigated, making agricultural production highly dependent on rainfall. In addition, approximately 85 percent of the country’s public water supply comes from groundwater, which may be significantly affected by climate change. Groundwater reserves in the Maritime region could be depleted by the 2030s under extreme scenarios (ibid.). 

Togo’s adaptation efforts focus on agriculture, forestry, water resources, health, and coastal zone management.