Kiribati is an isolated, low-lying island nation in the central Pacific Ocean consisting of 32 island atolls and one coral island. Temperatures are highly stable across the islands throughout the year, however annual rainfall varies between the northern and southern islands (drier). It has a hot, humid, tropical climate 100% of its population live within 1km from the coast (Australian Aid, 2021) and it is almost completely reliant on imported food and fuel (World Bank Group, 2021).  

Due to its low elevation and isolation, it may be one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change, however there is a lack of data on the country, which limits the accuracy of model projections (World Bank Group, 2021). Little is known about how temperature, precipitation, floods, droughts, and cyclones will change in the future. The country is almost entirely dependent on rainfall for its water supply which is vulnerable to saline contamination (ibid.). Sea level rise has already displaced some communities in Kiribati (ibid.), and many atoll islands are expected to be uninhabitable by the end of the century (Storlazzi et al., 2018). 

Kiribati submitted an NDC in 2022 which they aim to strengthen governance, improve knowledge, green the private sector, increase water and food security, and strengthen health service delivery in response to climate change impacts, among other priorities.